Train of four

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IONM)

Modalities

             Train-of-Four (TOF)

             Transcranial Motor Evoked Potentials (TcMEP)

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEP)

Electromyography (EMG) (Triggered and Spontaneous)

Scalp EEG

Electrocorticography (ECoG)

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP)

Surgical Procedures

             Scoliosis

Spinal cord/ cervical surgery

             Lumbosacral surgery

             Dorsal Rhizotomy

             Peripheral nerve surgery

             Supratentorial Brain tumor surgery

             Cerebellopontine angle surgery (tumor or microvascular decompression)

             Carotid and Vascular surgery

             Epilepsy surgery and brain mapping

             Thyroid/Parathyroid Surgery

Case Discussion